- The Territorial Force of British Army
- Yeomanry Units in the British Army
- Volunteer Battalions of British Army
The Yeomanry units of the British army came about because of a threat from the French
In 1794 the British government were threatened with invasion by the French Revolutionary army. The fear of a French invasion was a very real and terrifying one for the people of Britain. Prime Minister, Mr Pitt, passed a bill which invited the Lords Lieutenant of Counties to raise volunteer troops of cavalry to be composed of gentlemen and yeomanry. The Yeomen were country people who farmed land as freeholders or tenant farmers.
The yeomen provided their own horse and uniform, unlike the militia who came from a lower social class and would not have owned a horse nor afforded a uniform. The government provided the arms and ammunition. Being mounted, they were highly mobile and could respond to any alarm with speed. They were organised in Troops which were based at the main towns of the county and would operate independently from each other.
The Yeomanry was the mounted arm of the Territorial Force, a part-time version of the cavalry which was established in 1908 but drawing upon the Yeomanry established by Mr Pitt’s government.
- They were the mounted force, the cavalry of the Volunteer Force and then later of the Territorial Force and Army.
- By the start of WWI, there were between fifty and sixty units in total, although none could claim continuous service back to the year of their rising. It very much depended on military needs at the time. Units were amalgamated and so depending on the date the number changes.
The military badges they wore were made up of their county insignia, the arms and some had the family crests of the landed families that raised them. Search our collection of military cap badges to explore more.
As to who would have served in these units, it is probable that in the first instance many would have worked on the squires land and neighbouring villages.
Sometimes estate archives contain lists of men who enlisted, so it’s worth digging a bit to see if you can find out where the Yeomanry unit was raised.
- By the time of the second Boer War, their role had been examined and it was decided to change them from cavalry, to mounted infantry and their swords were changed for rifles.
- They were successful in the war and so were appointed a new title, ‘Imperial Yeomanry’
- This lasted until 1908 when the Territorial Force was formed and the Imperial Yeomanry was absorbed into it.